On time and meaningful partisanship: Stability, strength, and sway of attachment to new parties

New parties pose a challenge to the claim that time is an essential element in construction of partisanship. By definition, new have not been around for much time, so opportunities meaningful attachments could be considered limited. In this paper, we test expectation, unpacking dynamics and implications attachment parties. Using panel data collected Spain during period profound party system change, estimate extent which partisanship with stable strong, works as heuristic preference formation, predicts vote choice. Our suggest can those citizens old These findings seem particularly relevant context where are on rise.